CRM content of bottom ash treatment material streams

Every year, the Netherlands processes around two million tonnes of bottom ash using various sorting processes to produce new raw materials, such as gravel, sand, and certain metal streams. In this case study, the NMO examined the concentration of critical raw materials (CRMs) in these material streams using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This is an chemical analytical technique used to determine the exact elemental composition of samples.