Analysis of critical raw materials-related risks of a climate-neutral Dutch energy system

Published on 3 February 2026

This study from the NMO examines the risks related to critical raw materials (CRMs) for the realisation of a Dutch climate-neutral energy system. A comparison was made between the scenarios ADAPT and TRANSFORM from an earlier TNO study. The results provide valuable insights to support decisions in updating the National Energy System Plan. This report is available in Dutch only.