Critical and strategic raw materials

Raw materials are the foundation of our economy. The European Commission published its first list of critical raw materials (CRMs) in 2011. This list was last updated in 2023, when the term strategic raw materials (SRMs) was introduced.

In compiling the list of critical raw materials, the European Commission looks at two criteria: the economic value that each individual raw material represents in the value chains for the European economy, and the supply risks for each individual raw material. Strategic raw materials are materials for which demand is expected to grow exponentially. They are characterised by a complex production process and a high risk of supply disruption.

The European Commission has currently classified 34 metals and minerals as critical raw materials. The list of strategic raw materials includes a total of 17 raw materials of strategic importance for the energy transition, digital transformation, space, and defence.

The list of critical and strategic raw materials is shown below. Strategic raw materials are highlighted in light grey. The material files of the raw materials listed below are under development.